A Wearable Triboelectric-Iontronic Hybrid Smart Finger Ring with Self-Powered Static-Dynamic Tactile Sensing for Advanced Human-Machine Interactions
Technological advancement has heightened the desire for natural and intuitive human-machine interactions (HMIs), driving innovation in wearable devices. Inspired by human skin, this study unveils a hybrid smart finger-ring (HSF-Ring) that integrates a bifunctional nanofiller-based triboelectric nanogenerator (BN-TENG) and an iontronic pressure sensor (IPS), achieving advanced sensory capabilities to detect both dynamic and static pressures that are essential for mimicking skin-like functionality in a self-powered manner. Leveraging a bifunctional-nanofiller of functionalized-hybrid nanoporous carbon (F-HNPC) within a silicone matrix, BN-TENG exhibits significantly enhanced dielectric properties, charge-trapping efficiency, and induction capacity due to the extensive surface area, nanoporosity, and conductivity of F-HNPC, whereas cone-shaped microstructures further amplify dynamic response and wearer comfort without additional spacers with skin. Consequently, BN-TENG achieves a superior power density of 0.82 W/m2, a three-fold higher than pure silicone-based TENG. Furthermore, integration with an IPS, fabricated using laser-scribed graphene electrodes and ionic-liquid-infused nanofibrous membrane sensing layer, enables precise self-powered static-dynamic pressure detection. The highly integrated HSF-Ring demonstrates an excellent dynamic (2.41 V/kPa) and static (−99.84 mV/kPa) sensitivities in the low-pressure range with excellent linearity. This innovative device significantly advances wearable HMIs, showing the potential for transformative applications, including robotic control, sign language interpretation, and virtual reality interaction.
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