Magnetic repulsion-assisted hybrid breeze wind energy harvester with non-contact triboelectric sensor for self-sustainable device conditioning and environmental monitoring applications
Generating substantial energy from slow and inconsistent breezy wind is a major challenge for conventional wind energy harvesters. Herein, a magnetic repulsion-assisted hybrid breeze wind energy harvester (MR-HWEH) is proposed, comprising an electromagnetic generator to harvest low and stochastic ambient wind and non-contact single electrode self-powered triboelectric sensors (NC-SPTS) to detect wind speed, direction, and self-maintenance alerting for monitoring device condition. The magnetic repulsion-based levitation supports the weight of the turbine and rotating layer, thereby reducing its effective mass, savonius turbine offers higher drag force on the blade, allowing it to rotate at low stochastic wind efficiently, and the repulsive force extends the rotational duration by 2.5 times. The top moving and bottom stationary layers have eight magnets in repulsive configuration, a middle stationary coil layer, and four sets of NC-SPTS across the perigee of moving layer and inside wall of enclosure. The fabricated electromagnetic generator (EMG) can deliver an average power density of 14.08 Wm−3 at low stochastic wind speed of 3 ms−1. Additionally, NC-SPTS comprising Nylon (6/6) and PVDF-HFP pairs can effectively detect wind speed (2.91 V/ms−1; 1.5–5 ms−1 and 0.642 V/ ms−1; 6–14 ms−1) and wind direction. Moreover, the changes in non-contact gap owing to the inconsistent and random high wind speed can be detected to estimate the device failure using self- maintenance alert signals. Finally, the energy harvesting and wind monitoring functionalities were integrated together with MCU, BLE, and multifunctional environment monitoring sensors (air quality, humidity, temperature) to successfully demonstrate the self-sustainable outdoor IOT monitoring system for future autonomous environment monitoring applications.
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